1822 – Chippewas turn over a huge tract of land in Ontario to the United Kingdom. 1808 – Promulgation of the Bayonne Statute, a royal charter Joseph Bonaparte intended as the basis for his rule as king of Spain.1776 – Church bells (possibly including the Liberty Bell) are rung after John Nixon delivers the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence of the United States.1775 – The Olive Branch Petition is signed by the Continental Congress of the Thirteen Colonies of North America.1760 – British forces defeat French forces in the last naval battle in New France.1758 – French forces hold Fort Carillon against the British at Ticonderoga, New York.1730 – An estimated magnitude 8.7 earthquake causes a tsunami that damages more than 1,000 km (620 mi) of Chile's coastline.1716 – The Battle of Dynekilen forces Sweden to abandon its invasion of Norway.1709 – Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava, thus effectively ending Sweden's status as a major power in Europe.1663 – Charles II of England grants John Clarke a Royal charter to Rhode Island.1579 – Our Lady of Kazan, a holy icon of the Russian Orthodox Church, is discovered underground in the city of Kazan, Tatarstan.1497 – Vasco da Gama sets sail on the first direct European voyage to India.1283 – Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese fleet, defeats an Angevin fleet sent to put down a rebellion on Malta.1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch.
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